163 minutes of average gaming time per weekend day and 124 minutes per week day have been reported for male adolescents. A recent large scale study has shown, that 70% of the German male and 16% of the female adolescents play video games almost every day. Playing violent video games requires intense continuous screen observation. This is especially true for light emitted by electronic screens which typically contains bluish light known to affect the internal clock and impair sleep quality. Artificial light during the dark phase is known to impair melatonin secretion. The innovation of electrical light and later the intense use of digital media is another general behavioral change, humans have not been geared for by evolution and which has potential effects on sleep, wellbeing and learning performance.
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Children's and adults’ free time is largely spent using smartphones, computers and games consoles. Usage of digital media is a part of the day-to-day life in industrialized countries. We conclude that excessive video gaming in the evening can contribute to worsened sleep and impaired memory in male adolescents. Negative effects on sleep were not strong but consistent with more wake after sleep onset (+12 min) and a higher arousal index after “Counter Strike: Global Offensive”. 005), cortisol levels were elevated while playing the video game (p =. Melatonin levels at bedtime were lower after “Counter Strike: Global Offensive” (p =. 017) and impaired declarative memory recall (p =. The results of this crossover study showed slightly reduced sleep efficiency after “Counter Strike: Global Offensive” (-3.5%, p =. During the course of the study, saliva samples were taken to determine melatonin and cortisol levels. Memory testing and vigilance evaluation was performed the next morning. The game evenings were followed by sleep studies. Eighteen male participants played either the violent video game “Counter Strike: Global Offensive” or the board game “Monopoly” for five hours each on two Saturday nights. The study was structured in a repeated measures design. As learning and gaining knowledge is a very important part of adolescence, we decided to study the effects of prolonged video gaming on sleep and memory.
Sleep is considered to be important for memory consolidation, so there is also a potential risk for memory impairment due to video gaming. The increased exposure to artificial light as well as the exciting nature of this pastime is under suspicion to impair sleep. Many male adolescents spend a major part of their evenings playing video games.
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